observerОбозреватель-ObserverОбозреватель–Observer2074-2975Институт стран СНГ10.48137/2074-2975_2021_3_42observer-161Research ArticleПолитологияPolitical sciencesОпыт конверсии оборонной промышленности США после холодной войныThe Experience of the US Defense Industry Conversion after the Cold WarАлександровМ. В.AlexandrovM. V.

АЛЕКСАНДРОВ Михаил Владимирович – доктор политических наук, ведущий эксперт Центра военно-политических исследований

ALEXANDROV Mikhail V. – PhD in Political Science and International Relations, Senior Expert at the Centre for Military and Political Studies

ellab@list.ruМГИМО МИД РоссииРоссияMoscow State Institute of International RelationsRussian Federation202126052024034251Copyright © Александров М.В., 20242024Александров М.В.Alexandrov M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.observer-journal.ru/jour/article/view/161

По мнению автора, опыт по конверсии оборонной промышленности США после холодной войны может быть использован при осуществлении конверсии в России. В статье рассматриваются действия властей США по разработке политики конверсии, принятие соответствующих программ и их законодательное оформление, анализируются проблемы, с которыми столкнулась конверсия в США, и её противоречивые результаты.

According to the author, the experience of converting the US defense industry after the Cold War can be used in the implementation of conversion in Russia. The article examines the actions of the US authorities to develop a conversion policy, the adoption of appropriate programs and their legislative design, analyzes the problems faced by the conversion in the United States, and its conflicting results.

конверсияоборонная промышленностьВПКвооружениевооружённые силыСШАconversiondefense industrymilitary-industrial complexarmamentarmed forcesUSAРабота выполнена в рамках гранта РФФИ 19-29-07370 мк.ReferencesБендиков М.А., Хрусталёв Е.Ю. Эволюция концепции и механизма управления конверсией в условиях переходной российской экономики // Экономическая наука современной России. 1998. № 3. С. 108–120.Bendikov M.A., Hrustalyov E. YU. Evolyuciya koncepcii i mekhanizma upravleniya konversiej v usloviyah perekhodnoj rossijskoj ekonomiki // Ekonomicheskaya nauka sovremennoj Rossii. 1998. № 3. S. 108–120Кузык Б.Н. Военно-промышленный комплекс в экономике и политике России. М.: Институт экономических стратегий, 2004.– 241 с.Kuzyk B. N. Voenno-promyshlennyj kompleks v ekonomike i politike Rossii. M.: Institut ekonomicheskih strategij, 2004.– 241 s.Пустякова Н.Г. Реструктуризация и конверсия оборонной промышленности. Проблемы и перспективы // Экономический журнал ВШЭ. 1999. № 4. С. 569–580.Pustyakova N. G. Restrukturizaciya i konversiya oboronnoj promyshlennosti. Problemy i perspektivy // Ekonomicheskij zhurnal VSHE. 1999. № 4. S. 569–580After the Cold War: Living With Lower Defense Spending. Congress of the United States. Office of Technology Assessment. OTA-ITE-524, NTIS order #PB92–152537. February 1992.– 237 р.After the Cold War: Living With Lower Defense Spending. Congress of the United States. Office of Technology Assessment. OTA-ITE-524, NTIS order #PB92–152537. February 1992.– 237 р.Augustine N.R. Reshaping an Industry: Lockheed Martin’s Survival Story. Harvard Business Review. May-June, 1997 // URL: https://hbr.org/1997/05/reshapingan-industry-lockheed-martins-survival-storyAugustine N.R. Reshaping an Industry: Lockheed Martin’s Survival Story. Harvard Business Review. May-June, 1997 // URL: https://hbr.org/1997/05/reshapingan-industry-lockheed-martins-survival-storyDepartment of Defense. Adjusting to the Drawdown. Report of the Defense Conversion Commission. December 31, 1992. Washington, DC.– 86 р.Department of Defense. Adjusting to the Drawdown. Report of the Defense Conversion Commission. December 31, 1992. Washington, DC.– 86 р.Gholz E., Sapolsky H. M. Restructuring the U. S. Defense Industry. International Security, January 2000. Р. 5–51.Gholz E., Sapolsky H. M. Restructuring the U. S. Defense Industry. International Security, January 2000. Р. 5–51.Reddy L. How U.S. Defense Industries View Diversification. Center for Strategic and International Studies. Washington, DC., 1991.– 39 р.Reddy L. How U.S. Defense Industries View Diversification. Center for Strategic and International Studies. Washington, DC., 1991.– 39 р.SIPRI Yearbook 2017.– 784 р.SIPRI Yearbook 2017.– 784 р.SIPRI. Military expenditure by country, in constant (2017) US$ m., 1988–2018. Stockholm, 2019.SIPRI. Military expenditure by country, in constant (2017) US$ m., 1988–2018. Stockholm, 2019.United States General Accounting Office. Defense Conversion. Status of DOD Funding and Spending. Briefing Report to Ranking Republican, Committee on ArmedUnited States General Accounting Office. Defense Conversion. Status of DOD Funding and Spending. Briefing Report to Ranking Republican, Committee on ArmedServices, House of Representatives. GAO/NSIAD-94–218BR. Washington, June 1994.– 12 р.Services, House of Representatives. GAO/NSIAD-94–218BR. Washington, June 1994.– 12 р.United States General Accounting Office. Defense Industry Restructuring. Updated Cost and Savings Information. Report to Congressional Committees. GAO/NSIAD-98–156. Washington, April 1998.– 27 р.United States General Accounting Office. Defense Industry Restructuring. Updated Cost and Savings Information. Report to Congressional Committees. GAO/NSIAD-98–156. Washington, April 1998.– 27 р.United States General Accounting Office. Defense Industry. Trends in DOD Spending, Industrial Productivity, and Competition. Report to Congressional Requesters. GAO/PEMD-97–3. Washington, January 1997.– 72 р.United States General Accounting Office. Defense Industry. Trends in DOD Spending, Industrial Productivity, and Competition. Report to Congressional Requesters. GAO/PEMD-97–3. Washington, January 1997.– 72 р.United States General Accounting Office. Defense Sector. Trends in Employment and Spending. Briefing Report to the Chairman, Committee on the Budget, House of Representatives. GAO/NSIAD-95–105BR, Washington, April 1995.– 31 р.United States General Accounting Office. Defense Sector. Trends in Employment and Spending. Briefing Report to the Chairman, Committee on the Budget, House of Representatives. GAO/NSIAD-95–105BR, Washington, April 1995.– 31 р.Weidenbaum M.L. The U.S. Defense Industry After the Cold War. Policy Brief 179, doi:10.7936/K7S180PQ. Washington University in St. Louis, April 1997.– 12 р.Weidenbaum M.L. The U.S. Defense Industry After the Cold War. Policy Brief 179, doi:10.7936/K7S180PQ. Washington University in St. Louis, April 1997.– 12 р.http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/51746http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/51746http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/64891http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/64891

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.