<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">observer</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обозреватель-Observer</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Обозреватель–Observer</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2975</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Институт стран СНГ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48137/2074-2975_2021_3_52</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">observer-162</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Политология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Political sciences</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Космические ковбои на тропе войны</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Space cowboys on the war trail</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левчук</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levchuk</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ЛЕВЧУК Николай Николаевич – кандидат политических наук, профессор, начальник научно-исследовательского отдела (проблем военной безопасности) научно-исследовательского управления (военно-гуманитарных исследований), полковник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>LEVCHUK Nikolai N.– Сandidate of political sciences, professor, head of the research department (problems of military security) of the research department (military-humanitarian research), colonel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">1234_73@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бузин</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Buzin</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>БУЗИН Николай Алексеевич – доктор военных наук, профессор, заместитель начальника Генерального штаба Республики Беларусь по научной работе, полковник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>BUZIN Nikolai А. – Doctor of Military Sciences, Professor, Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Republic of Belarus for Scientific Work, Colonel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">buzina61@bk.ru</email></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Академия военных наук Российской Федерации;&#13;
НИИ Вооружённых Сил Республики Беларусь</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academy of Military Sciences of the Russian Federation;&#13;
Research Institute of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Левчук Н.Н., Бузин Н.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Левчук Н.Н., Бузин Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Levchuk N.N., Buzin N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.observer-journal.ru/jour/article/view/162">https://www.observer-journal.ru/jour/article/view/162</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье анализируются действия администрации Белого дома по освоению космоса. Политика США в космосе является одним из инструментов глобального доминирования, идеологическим ресурсом американской «исключительности», но при этом нарушается международное космическое право – Договор о принципах деятельности государств по исследованию и использованию космического пространства, включая Луну и другие небесные тела.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article analyzes the actions of the White House administration in space exploration. The US policy in space is one of the instruments of global domination, the ideological resources of American «exclusivity», but at the same time international space law, the Treaty on the Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, are violated.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глобальное доминирование</kwd><kwd>космос</kwd><kwd>лунная программа</kwd><kwd>США</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>global dominance</kwd><kwd>space</kwd><kwd>lunar program</kwd><kwd>missile defense</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абашидзе А.Х., Черных И.А. Обеспечение долгосрочной устойчивости космической деятельности и предотвращение гонки вооружений в космическом пространстве // Государство и право. 2020. № 4. C. 125–133 // URL: https:// gospravo-journal.ru/S013207690009241–7–1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abashidze A.H., CHernyh I.A. Obespechenie dolgosrochnoj ustojchivosti kosmicheskoj deyatel’nosti i predotvrashchenie gonki vooruzhenij v kosmicheskom prostranstve // Gosudarstvo i pravo. 2020. № 4. C. 125–133 // URL: https://gospravo-journal.ru/S013207690009241–7–1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абашидзе А., Черных И. Космические ресурсы в фокусе повышенного внимания // Обозреватель–Observer. 2020. № 11. С. 37–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abashidze A., CHernyh I. Kosmicheskie resursy v fokuse povyshennogo vnimaniya // Obozrevatel’–Observer. 2020. № 11. S. 37–50</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бузин Н.Е. Североатлантический союз – инструмент глобального доминирования // Наука и воен. безопасность. 2020. № 1. С. 3–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buzin N.E. Severoatlanticheskij soyuz – instrument global’nogo dominirovaniya // Nauka i voen. bezopasnost’. 2020. № 1. S. 3–12</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Договор о принципах деятельности государств по исследованию и использованию космического пространства, включая Луну и другие небесные тела // Резолюция Генеральной Ассамблеи ООН от 19 декабря 1966 // URL: https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/outer_space_governing.shtml</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dogovor o principah deyatel’nosti gosudarstv po issledovaniyu i ispol’zovaniyu kosmicheskogo prostranstva, vklyuchaya Lunu i drugie nebesnye tela // Rezolyuciya General’noj Assamblei OON ot 19 dekabrya 1966 // URL: https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/outer_space_governing.shtml</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Люс Г. Американский век // URL: http://www.grinchevskiy.ru/1900–1945/amerikanskiy-vek.php</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyus G. Amerikanskij vek // URL: http://www.grinchevskiy.ru/1900–1945/amerikanskiy-vek.php</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Руководящие принципы обеспечения долгосрочной устойчивости космической деятельности Комитета по использованию космического пространства в мирных целях. Проект доклада Комитета ООН по использованию космоса в мирных целях. 62-я сессия, 12–21 июня 2019 г. // URL: https://www.unoosa.org/res/oosadoc/data/documents/2019/aac_105l/aac_105l_318add_4_0_html/AC105_L318Add04R.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rukovodyashchie principy obespecheniya dolgosrochnoj ustojchivosti kosmicheskoj deyatel’nosti Komiteta po ispol’zovaniyu kosmicheskogo prostranstva v mirnyh celyah. Proekt doklada Komiteta OON po ispol’zovaniyu kosmosa v mirnyh celyah. 62-ya sessiya, 12–21 iyunya 2019 g. // URL: https://www.unoosa.org/res/oosadoc/data/documents/2019/aac_105l/aac_105l_318add_4_0_html/AC105_L318Add04R.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Уваров В.Б. Космические ковбои Дональда Трампа // Независимое военное обозрение. 2020. № 15. С. 6–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uvarov V. B. Kosmicheskie kovboi Donal’da Trampa // Nezavisimoe voennoe obozrenie. 2020. № 15. S. 6–7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Department of Defense // URL: https://www.globalsecurity.org/space/library/report/2018/org-management-structure-dod-natsec-space-components20180809.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Department of Defense // URL: https://www.globalsecurity.org/space/library/report/2018/org-management-structure-dod-natsec-space-components20180809.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Executive Order 12675. Establishing the National Space Council. April 20, 1989 // Federal Register. P. 54 FR17691. April 25, 1989.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Executive Order 12675. Establishing the National Space Council. April 20, 1989 // Federal Register. P. 54 FR17691. April 25, 1989.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Executive Order Encouraging International Support Recovery USE Space Resources // URL: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-orderencouraging-international-support-recovery-use-space-resources/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Executive Order Encouraging International Support Recovery USE Space Resources // URL: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-orderencouraging-international-support-recovery-use-space-resources/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Final Report on Organizational and Management Structure for the National Security Space Components of the John O’Sullivan on “Manifest Destiny” 1845 // http://www.sonic.net/~scds/resources/US-History/1845_John%20L.%20O’Sullivan,%20On%20Manifest%20Destiny.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Final Report on Organizational and Management Structure for the National Security Space Components of the John O’Sullivan on “Manifest Destiny” 1845 // http://www.sonic.net/~scds/resources/US-History/1845_John%20L.%20O’Sullivan,%20On%20Manifest%20Destiny.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Missile Defense Review. 2019 // URL: https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Interactive/2018/11–2019-Missile-Defense-Review/The%202019%20MDR_Executive%20Summary.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Missile Defense Review. 2019 // URL: https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Interactive/2018/11–2019-Missile-Defense-Review/The%202019%20MDR_Executive%20Summary.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Security Strategy of the United States of America. December 2017. Washington: The National Space Exploration Campaign Report. Pursuant to Section 432(b) of the NASA Transition Authorization Act of 2017 (P.L. 115–10). September 2018 // URL: https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/nationalspaceexplorationcampaign.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Security Strategy of the United States of America. December 2017. Washington: The National Space Exploration Campaign Report. Pursuant to Section 432(b) of the NASA Transition Authorization Act of 2017 (P.L. 115–10). September 2018 // URL: https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/nationalspaceexplorationcampaign.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">President Donald J. Trump is Unveiling an America First National Space Strategy. Fact Sheet. March 23. 2018 // URL: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefingsstatements/president-donald-j-trump-unveiling-america-first-national-spacestrategy</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">President Donald J. Trump is Unveiling an America First National Space Strategy. Fact Sheet. March 23. 2018 // URL: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefingsstatements/president-donald-j-trump-unveiling-america-first-national-spacestrategy</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Presidential Memorandum on Reinvigorating America’s Human Space Exploration Program. December 11, 2017 // URL: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidentialactions/presidential-memorandum-reinvigorating-americas-human-spaceexploration-program</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Presidential Memorandum on Reinvigorating America’s Human Space Exploration Program. December 11, 2017 // URL: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidentialactions/presidential-memorandum-reinvigorating-americas-human-spaceexploration-program</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Space Policy Directive 4 Establishment United States Space Force // URL: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/text-space-policy-directive-4establishment-united-states-space-force/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Space Policy Directive 4 Establishment United States Space Force // URL: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/text-space-policy-directive-4establishment-united-states-space-force/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Space Policy Directive 5 Cybersecurity Principles Space Systems // URL: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/memorandum-space-policy-directive-5cybersecurity-principles-space-systems/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Space Policy Directive 5 Cybersecurity Principles Space Systems // URL: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/memorandum-space-policy-directive-5cybersecurity-principles-space-systems/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Space Policy Directive-2, Streamlining Regulations on Commercial Use of Space. May 24, 2018 // URL: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/space-policydirective-2-streamlining-regulations-commercial-use-space/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Space Policy Directive-2, Streamlining Regulations on Commercial Use of Space. May 24, 2018 // URL: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/space-policydirective-2-streamlining-regulations-commercial-use-space/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Space Policy Directive-3, National Space Traffic Management Policy. June 18, 2018 // URL: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/space-policy-directive-3national-space-traffic-management-policy/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Space Policy Directive-3, National Space Traffic Management Policy. June 18, 2018 // URL: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/space-policy-directive-3national-space-traffic-management-policy/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Summary of the 2018 National Defense Strategy // URL: https://dod.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2018-National-Defense-Strategy-Summary.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Summary of the 2018 National Defense Strategy // URL: https://dod.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2018-National-Defense-Strategy-Summary.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">U.S. Space Laws, Policies and Regulations, US Government: Space Policy Directives (SPDs) // URL: https://www.spacefoundation.org/space_brief/space-policydirectives/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">U.S. Space Laws, Policies and Regulations, US Government: Space Policy Directives (SPDs) // URL: https://www.spacefoundation.org/space_brief/space-policydirectives/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">White House, 2017.– 68 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">White House, 2017.– 68 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://www.ru.ecolaf.net/5881-msnifest-destiny.html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://www.ru.ecolaf.net/5881-msnifest-destiny.html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
