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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">observer</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обозреватель-Observer</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Обозреватель–Observer</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2975</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Институт стран СНГ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48137/2074-2975_2025_1_74</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">observer-302</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Политология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Political sciences</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности гражданского общества на Западе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of civil society in the West</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зиновьев</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinovyev</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Анатольевич Зиновьев, аспирант</p><p>кафедра политологии и права</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Zinovyev, postgraduate student</p><p>Department of Political Science and Law</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zinovievm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственный университет просвещения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State University of Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зиновьев М.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зиновьев М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zinovyev M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.observer-journal.ru/jour/article/view/302">https://www.observer-journal.ru/jour/article/view/302</self-uri><abstract><p>   В статье представлен авторский взгляд на особенности гражданского общества в западном цивилизационном пространстве. Универсальные характеристики, содержащиеся в теории политологии, не в полной мере описывают этот феномен. Автор попытался восполнить пробел в конкретном контексте определения западного гражданского общества.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The article presents the author’s view on the features of civil society in the Western civilizational space. Universal characteristics contained in the theory of political science do not fully describe this phenomenon. The author tried to fill the gap in the specific context of the definition of Western civil society.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гражданское общество</kwd><kwd>демократия</kwd><kwd>гражданская активность</kwd><kwd>гражданская позиция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>civil society</kwd><kwd>Western civilization</kwd><kwd>levels of civil consolidation</kwd><kwd>national political agenda</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Archibugi D. Prinsiples of Cosmopolitan Democracy // URL: https://www.semantic-scholar.org/paper/10-Principles-of-Cosmopolitan-Democracy-Archibugi/078e321734ca834d1e7bf115c1eaed412b0014ed</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Archibugi D. 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