observerОбозреватель-ObserverОбозреватель–Observer2074-2975Институт стран СНГ10.48137/2074-2975-2025-5-88observer-354Research ArticleИстория международных отношений и внешней политикиHistory of international relations and foreign policyЗапад против России: албанский театр политической войныThe West vs Russia: the Albanian Theater of Political WarfareПономареваЕ. Г.PonomarevaE. G.

Пономарева Елена Георгиевна – доктор политических наук, профессор, профессор кафедрысравнительной политологии 

Ponomareva Elena G. – Professor, Doctor of PoliticalScience, professor of Comparative Politics Department

nastya304@mail.ruСамсоновА. Г.SamsonovA. G.

Самсонов Алексей Геннадьевич – аспирант

Samsonov Alexey G. – PhD student

samsonovag@yandex.ruМГИМО МИД РоссииРоссияMoscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Relations of the Russian FederationRussian FederationВладимирский государственный университет (ВлГУ)РоссияVladimir State University (VlSU)Russian Federation2025181020250588104Copyright © Пономарева Е.Г., Самсонов А.Г., 20252025Пономарева Е.Г., Самсонов А.Г.Ponomareva E.G., Samsonov A.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.observer-journal.ru/jour/article/view/354

Статья является продолжением анализа стратегии и практики политической войны США и их союзников против России. Одним из направлений были и остаются Балканы. На официальных источниках и малоизвестных аналитических материалах показано, как американобританский блок пытался дестабилизировать ситуацию в Албании и свергнуть режим Э. Ходжи. Позднее албанский фактор стал одним из ключевых в разрушении Югославии и Сербии.

The article is a continuation of the analysis of the strategy and practice of the «political war» waged by the United States and its allies against  Russia. One of the areas of this confrontation has been and remains the Balkans. Based on official sources and little-known analytical materials, the article shows how the US – British bloc tried to destabilize the situation in Albania and overthrow the regime of Enver Hoxha. Later, the Albanian factor became one of the key factors in the destruction of Yugoslavia and Serbia.

политическая войнадиверсииподрывные операцииАлбанияСССРСШАpolitical warsabotagesubversive operationsAlbaniaUSSRUSAReferencesАрляпова Е.С. Влияние Джорджа Кеннана на климат отношений между СССР и США // Обозреватель–Observer. 2015. № 9. С. 52-67.Арляпова Е.С. Влияние Джорджа Кеннана на климат отношений между СССР и США // Обозреватель–Observer. 2015. № 9. С. 52-67.Вейнер Т. ЦРУ. Правдивая история. М.: Центрполиграф, 2024. – 719 с.Вейнер Т. ЦРУ. Правдивая история. М.: Центрполиграф, 2024. – 719 с.Гуськова Е.Ю. История югославского кризиса (1990–2000). М.: Русское право, 2001. – 720 с.Гуськова Е.Ю. История югославского кризиса (1990–2000). М.: Русское право, 2001. – 720 с.Пономарева Е.Г. «Новое прошлое»: албанский вопрос в европейской политике // Современная Европа. 2019. № 7. С. 158-167.Пономарева Е.Г. «Новое прошлое»: албанский вопрос в европейской политике // Современная Европа. 2019. № 7. С. 158-167.Пономарева Е.Г., Арляпова Е.С. Западные Балканы в преддверии и ходе текущего кризиса: игроки и фигуры. М.: Проспект, 2024. – 320 c.Пономарева Е.Г., Арляпова Е.С. Западные Балканы в преддверии и ходе текущего кризиса: игроки и фигуры. М.: Проспект, 2024. – 320 c.Пономарева Е.Г., Самсонов А.Г. Политическая война: теория и практика глобального доминирования США // Обозреватель–Observer. 2025. № 1. С. 29-42.Пономарева Е.Г., Самсонов А.Г. Политическая война: теория и практика глобального доминирования США // Обозреватель–Observer. 2025. № 1. С. 29-42.Butka U. Mid’hat Abdyl Frashлri (Lumo Skлndo): nл pлrvjetorin e 70-tл tл vdekjes sл tij. Tiranл: Instituti i Studimeve Historike “Lumo Skлndo”. 2019. – 236 f.Butka U. Mid’hat Abdyl Frashлri (Lumo Skлndo): nл pлrvjetorin e 70-tл tл vdekjes sл tij. Tiranл: Instituti i Studimeve Historike “Lumo Skлndo”. 2019. – 236 f.Cordina J. Squatters turn Fort Bingemma... // The Malta Independent. 24 May 2025 // URL: https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2015-05-24/local-news/Squattersturn-Fort-Bingemma-into-illegal-restaurant-6736136056Cordina J. Squatters turn Fort Bingemma... // The Malta Independent. 24 May 2025 // URL: https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2015-05-24/local-news/Squattersturn-Fort-Bingemma-into-illegal-restaurant-6736136056Curtis M. Blair’s Former Allies on Trial for War Crimes // Declassified UK. April 14, 2023 // URL: https://consortiumnews.com/2023/04/14/blairs-former-allies-ontrial-for-war-crimes/Curtis M. Blair’s Former Allies on Trial for War Crimes // Declassified UK. April 14, 2023 // URL: https://consortiumnews.com/2023/04/14/blairs-former-allies-ontrial-for-war-crimes/Demi A. How to build a parallel state // Prishtina Insight. 19.04.2018 // URL: https://prishtinainsight.com/build-parallel-state-mag/Demi A. How to build a parallel state // Prishtina Insight. 19.04.2018 // URL: https://prishtinainsight.com/build-parallel-state-mag/Ekeman H. The Superpower Superiority Grandstanding: The Rehash of the Cold War Politics in the Kosovo Crisis // Journal of Political Science and Leadership Research. 2017. Vol. 3 № 2. Р. 14-21 // URL: https://www.iiardjournals.org/get/JPSLR/VOL.%203%20NO.%202%202017/THE%20SUPERPOWER.pdfEkeman H. The Superpower Superiority Grandstanding: The Rehash of the Cold War Politics in the Kosovo Crisis // Journal of Political Science and Leadership Research. 2017. Vol. 3 № 2. Р. 14-21 // URL: https://www.iiardjournals.org/get/JPSLR/VOL.%203%20NO.%202%202017/THE%20SUPERPOWER.pdfEurope Since 1945: An Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. N.Y.: Garland, 2001. – 758 p.Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. N.Y.: Garland, 2001. – 758 p.Foreign Relations of the United States, 1945–1950, Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment Document 292 // State Government USA // URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/d292Foreign Relations of the United States, 1945–1950, Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment Document 292 // State Government USA // URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/d292Grigorescu D. Prietenia dintre Regele Mihai şi Frank Wisner, şeful spionajului american în România, una dintre marile legende CIA // Adevaru.ro. 12.12.2017 // URL: https://adevarul.ro/stiri-locale/pitesti/prietenia-dintre-regele-mihai-si-frank-wisner-1829803.htmlGrigorescu D. Prietenia dintre Regele Mihai şi Frank Wisner, şeful spionajului american în România, una dintre marile legende CIA // Adevaru.ro. 12.12.2017 // URL: https://adevarul.ro/stiri-locale/pitesti/prietenia-dintre-regele-mihai-si-frank-wisner-1829803.htmlJakurti E.Kosovo in the ‘90s: an economy for the darkest hour //Kosovo 2.0 18.03.2025 // URL: https://kosovotwopointzero.com/en/kosovo-in-the-90s-an-economy-for-thedarkest-hour/Jakurti E.Kosovo in the ‘90s: an economy for the darkest hour //Kosovo 2.0 18.03.2025 // URL: https://kosovotwopointzero.com/en/kosovo-in-the-90s-an-economy-for-thedarkest-hour/Kennan G. Long telegram. Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1945, Europe, Volume V // State Government USA // URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945v05/pg_881Kennan G. Long telegram. Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1945, Europe, Volume V // State Government USA // URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945v05/pg_881Lulushi A. Operation Valuable Fiend: The CIA’s First Paramilitary Strike Against the Iron Curtain. N.Y.: Arcade Publishing, 2014. 353 p.Lulushi A. Operation Valuable Fiend: The CIA’s First Paramilitary Strike Against the Iron Curtain. N.Y.: Arcade Publishing, 2014. 353 p.Mema M. Nлndetлset shqiptare. Baza nл komunizлm... // Gjurmл Shqiptare. Top Channel. 06.01.2024 // URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZGrZXk8THAMema M. Nлndetлset shqiptare. Baza nл komunizлm... // Gjurmл Shqiptare. Top Channel. 06.01.2024 // URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZGrZXk8THAMema M. Stлrvitja nл Shqipлri e grupeve tл para ku mori jetл UЗK. 1991 // Gjurmл Shqiptare. Top Channel. 06.02.2021 // URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mr3Bv3sXekoMema M. Stлrvitja nл Shqipлri e grupeve tл para ku mori jetл UЗK. 1991 // Gjurmл Shqiptare. Top Channel. 06.02.2021 // URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mr3Bv3sXekoMolla Y. Këshiltari amerikan “non grata” në Tiranë. Tirane: Botart. 2016. – 224 f.Molla Y. Këshiltari amerikan “non grata” në Tiranë. Tirane: Botart. 2016. – 224 f.Nafeez M.A.Inside the Crevice.Islamist terror networks and the 7/7 intelligence failure // Institute for Policy Research and Development, London. 2007 // URL: https://ageoftransformation.org/content/files/news/2009/jun/inside-20the-20crevice.pdfNafeez M.A.Inside the Crevice.Islamist terror networks and the 7/7 intelligence failure // Institute for Policy Research and Development, London. 2007 // URL: https://ageoftransformation.org/content/files/news/2009/jun/inside-20the-20crevice.pdfNenshati L. Albtrans – Top Secret. Tirane: Botart, 2016. – 190 f.Nenshati L. Albtrans – Top Secret. Tirane: Botart, 2016. – 190 f.Pilaca G., Nako A. Organized crime in Albania: a path dependence perspective // Czech Journal of Political Science. 2021. № 3. P. 245-273.Pilaca G., Nako A. Organized crime in Albania: a path dependence perspective // Czech Journal of Political Science. 2021. № 3. P. 245-273.Prados J. Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2009. – 736 p.Prados J. Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2009. – 736 p.Souers S.W. Report to the President by the National Security Council. Foreign Relations of the United States 1948. The United Nations. Vol. I, Part 2 Document 60 // State Government USA // URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1948v01p2/d60Souers S.W. Report to the President by the National Security Council. Foreign Relations of the United States 1948. The United Nations. Vol. I, Part 2 Document 60 // State Government USA // URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1948v01p2/d60Strengths andWeaknesses ofthe Hoxha Regime inAlbania. CIAIntelligence Memorandum no. 218. 12 September 1949 // URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20250305203830/https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP78-01617A000700030002-6.pdfStrengths andWeaknesses ofthe Hoxha Regime inAlbania. CIAIntelligence Memorandum no. 218. 12 September 1949 // URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20250305203830/https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP78-01617A000700030002-6.pdfZogu Ahmet // CIA Memorandum. 30 June 1953 // URL: https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/OBOPUS%20BGFIEND%20%20%20VOL.%2025%20%20%28BGFIEND%20OPERATIONS%29_0049.pdfZogu Ahmet // CIA Memorandum. 30 June 1953 // URL: https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/OBOPUS%20BGFIEND%20%20%20VOL.%2025%20%20%28BGFIEND%20OPERATIONS%29_0049.pdf

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.