The West vs Russia: the Albanian Theater of Political Warfare
https://doi.org/10.48137/2074-2975-2025-5-88
Abstract
The article is a continuation of the analysis of the strategy and practice of the «political war» waged by the United States and its allies against Russia. One of the areas of this confrontation has been and remains the Balkans. Based on official sources and little-known analytical materials, the article shows how the US – British bloc tried to destabilize the situation in Albania and overthrow the regime of Enver Hoxha. Later, the Albanian factor became one of the key factors in the destruction of Yugoslavia and Serbia.
About the Authors
E. G. Ponomareva
Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Relations of the Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ponomareva Elena G. – Professor, Doctor of Political
Science, professor of Comparative Politics Department
A. G. Samsonov
Vladimir State University (VlSU)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Samsonov Alexey G. – PhD student
References
1. Арляпова Е.С. Влияние Джорджа Кеннана на климат отношений между СССР и США // Обозреватель–Observer. 2015. № 9. С. 52-67.
2. Вейнер Т. ЦРУ. Правдивая история. М.: Центрполиграф, 2024. – 719 с.
3. Гуськова Е.Ю. История югославского кризиса (1990–2000). М.: Русское право, 2001. – 720 с.
4. Пономарева Е.Г. «Новое прошлое»: албанский вопрос в европейской политике // Современная Европа. 2019. № 7. С. 158-167.
5. Пономарева Е.Г., Арляпова Е.С. Западные Балканы в преддверии и ходе текущего кризиса: игроки и фигуры. М.: Проспект, 2024. – 320 c.
6. Пономарева Е.Г., Самсонов А.Г. Политическая война: теория и практика глобального доминирования США // Обозреватель–Observer. 2025. № 1. С. 29-42.
7. Butka U. Mid’hat Abdyl Frashлri (Lumo Skлndo): nл pлrvjetorin e 70-tл tл vdekjes sл tij. Tiranл: Instituti i Studimeve Historike “Lumo Skлndo”. 2019. – 236 f.
8. Cordina J. Squatters turn Fort Bingemma... // The Malta Independent. 24 May 2025 // URL: https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2015-05-24/local-news/Squattersturn-Fort-Bingemma-into-illegal-restaurant-6736136056
9. Curtis M. Blair’s Former Allies on Trial for War Crimes // Declassified UK. April 14, 2023 // URL: https://consortiumnews.com/2023/04/14/blairs-former-allies-ontrial-for-war-crimes/
10. Demi A. How to build a parallel state // Prishtina Insight. 19.04.2018 // URL: https://prishtinainsight.com/build-parallel-state-mag/
11. Ekeman H. The Superpower Superiority Grandstanding: The Rehash of the Cold War Politics in the Kosovo Crisis // Journal of Political Science and Leadership Research. 2017. Vol. 3 № 2. Р. 14-21 // URL: https://www.iiardjournals.org/get/JPSLR/VOL.%203%20NO.%202%202017/THE%20SUPERPOWER.pdf
12. Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. N.Y.: Garland, 2001. – 758 p.
13. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1945–1950, Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment Document 292 // State Government USA // URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/d292
14. Grigorescu D. Prietenia dintre Regele Mihai şi Frank Wisner, şeful spionajului american în România, una dintre marile legende CIA // Adevaru.ro. 12.12.2017 // URL: https://adevarul.ro/stiri-locale/pitesti/prietenia-dintre-regele-mihai-si-frank-wisner-1829803.html
15. Jakurti E.Kosovo in the ‘90s: an economy for the darkest hour //Kosovo 2.0 18.03.2025 // URL: https://kosovotwopointzero.com/en/kosovo-in-the-90s-an-economy-for-thedarkest-hour/
16. Kennan G. Long telegram. Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1945, Europe, Volume V // State Government USA // URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945v05/pg_881
17. Lulushi A. Operation Valuable Fiend: The CIA’s First Paramilitary Strike Against the Iron Curtain. N.Y.: Arcade Publishing, 2014. 353 p.
18. Mema M. Nлndetлset shqiptare. Baza nл komunizлm... // Gjurmл Shqiptare. Top Channel. 06.01.2024 // URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZGrZXk8THA
19. Mema M. Stлrvitja nл Shqipлri e grupeve tл para ku mori jetл UЗK. 1991 // Gjurmл Shqiptare. Top Channel. 06.02.2021 // URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mr3Bv3sXeko
20. Molla Y. Këshiltari amerikan “non grata” në Tiranë. Tirane: Botart. 2016. – 224 f.
21. Nafeez M.A.Inside the Crevice.Islamist terror networks and the 7/7 intelligence failure // Institute for Policy Research and Development, London. 2007 // URL: https://ageoftransformation.org/content/files/news/2009/jun/inside-20the-20crevice.pdf
22. Nenshati L. Albtrans – Top Secret. Tirane: Botart, 2016. – 190 f.
23. Pilaca G., Nako A. Organized crime in Albania: a path dependence perspective // Czech Journal of Political Science. 2021. № 3. P. 245-273.
24. Prados J. Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2009. – 736 p.
25. Souers S.W. Report to the President by the National Security Council. Foreign Relations of the United States 1948. The United Nations. Vol. I, Part 2 Document 60 // State Government USA // URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1948v01p2/d60
26. Strengths andWeaknesses ofthe Hoxha Regime inAlbania. CIAIntelligence Memorandum no. 218. 12 September 1949 // URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20250305203830/https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP78-01617A000700030002-6.pdf
27. Zogu Ahmet // CIA Memorandum. 30 June 1953 // URL: https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/OBOPUS%20BGFIEND%20%20%20VOL.%2025%20%20%28BGFIEND%20OPERATIONS%29_0049.pdf
Review
For citations:
Ponomareva E.G., Samsonov A.G. The West vs Russia: the Albanian Theater of Political Warfare. Обозреватель–Observer. 2025;(5):88-104. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.48137/2074-2975-2025-5-88
Views:
18
Email this article 