The author shows reasonably how Poland, failing to use the chance provided by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, turned into a bargaining chip in the political games of Great Britain, France and the Third Reich. Having received another chance to take a worthy place on the international arena, on the basis of the decisions of the Yalta and Potsdam conferences, adopted exclusively by the initiative of the USSR, the Polish leadership in the 90s began to play the anti-Russian card again, becoming the most reliable ally and conductor of US policy in Europe.

The article reveals the legal basis for the use of US military force outside the country, examines geopolitical goals and provides an assessment of the use of American military force in various types of conflicts.

According to the author, the experience of converting the US defense industry after the Cold War can be used in the implementation of conversion in Russia. The article examines the actions of the US authorities to develop a conversion policy, the adoption of appropriate programs and their legislative design, analyzes the problems faced by the conversion in the United States, and its conflicting results.

The article analyzes the actions of the White House administration in space exploration. The US policy in space is one of the instruments of global domination, the ideological resources of American «exclusivity», but at the same time international space law, the Treaty on the Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, are violated.

The author notes that Spain is experiencing a crisis of the political system, which can become permanent. One of its expressions may be the inability of political parties to form stable coalitions. There are problems that have worsened during the pandemic: Catalan separatism; political corruption; illegal commissions received by former King Juan Carlos I. The author predicts a noticeable increase in political strife in Spain in the coming months.

The article examines the features of the military-strategic planning of the war of Germany against the Soviet Union, associated with the definition of the economic goals of the military campaign and the subsequent occupation policy; the main variants of the «blitzkrieg» are analyzed; the fabrications about the supposedly equal responsibility of the Soviet Union and Germany for unleashing the war are refuted.

The article reveals the role of religion in the formation of national mentality as one of the key factors in the development of ethnic entrepreneurship and the methods it practices. Particular attention is paid to Orthodoxy in the framework of the issue of compatibility of Orthodoxy and business discussed in business and religious circles.

Mongolia has the status of an observer of the SCO. The main locomotive of the SCO is the CPR and the Russian Federation, which have disagreements in the future of this organization. With both of the States, Mongolia has an integrated strategic partnership relationship. The initiative of the People’s Republic of China “One Belt One Road” is fully supported by Mongolia, which offered its «Steppe Way» project as part of the “New Silk Road” project. If this initiative does not find broad international support, then Mongolia will face the question of the SCO or the Silk Road.