The article is devoted to the analysis of key technological trends of the fourth industrial revolution and their impact on modern international re­ lations. Such areas of technological development as the Internet of Things and distributed ledger technologies are considered. Particular attention is paid to issues of digital sovereignty and the need for a balance between national regulation and international cooperation in the context of global digital transformation.

The article examines the ongoing crisis of the global trading system and the role of the post-Soviet space as an alternative pole of politico-econom ic attraction. It analyses the causes and manifestations of this crisis including the paralysis of WTO mechanisms, the rise of protectionism and fragmentation of the world economy. 

The article presents the results of monitoring the friendliness of commu nication regimes in post-Soviet countries. It examines the dynamics of Armenia’s friendliness, the specifics of Russia’s representation in Armenian discourse, and describes the identified contradictions and divi sions in Armenian society.

Afghanistan has experienced a series of upheavals over the past 40 years. The civil war (1992–1996), the first Taliban rule (1996–2001), the American intervention (2001–2021), and the return of the Taliban (since 2021) have all affected the country’s geopolitical image. Central Asian states have gone from seeing Afghanistan as a threat to recognizing its role in regional stability. Today, it is a symbiosis of risks and new oppor tunities for economic cooperation, which determines its place on the re gional agenda.

This article examines China’s rare earth metals policy in Africa as part of its global strategy to secure access to critical resources. It analyzes the importance of rare earth metals for high-tech industries, China’s invest ment mechanisms, the «resources for development» model, and interac tions with African states.

The concepts of humanitarian intervention and responsibility to protect are important due to the significance of the consequences of their appli cation in international relations. These concepts formed the basis of NATO’s Bosnian operation, the intervention in Iraq, the Kosovo bombings, the aggression in Libya, etc. In the field of the subject field, specific mili tary interventions and concepts are considered in isolation from each other. In the article humanitarian intervention and responsibility to pro tect are presented in a synthetic unity of evolution and a periodization of their successive development is given.

Religion is one of the fundamental factors of international cooperation, as it unites representatives of different ethnic groups, states, continents, be ing a connecting link for them. Islam is one of the main world confessions, and the Hajj, being one of its main pillars, promotes the mobility of Muslims and their rapprochement. The role of the Hajj in Russian public diplomacy is considered, as Muslims are an important component of mul tinational and multi-confessional Russia.

The article is devoted to the study of the process of Ukrainization of Southwestern Russia before the First World War. The dynamics of indus trial growth, demographic changes, development of education and culture, as well as the influence of revolutionary and nationalist movements on the region are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the processes of Ukrainization, which were actively supported by Austria-Hungary in Galicia with the aim of weakening the Russian Empire.

The work presents the main explanations of the Constitutional Court of Russia on the main legal acts in the sphere of migration and the status of persons in Russia, doctrinal postulates in a comparative analysis of foreign experience, reflects innovative changes in legislation, and statisti cal data on offenses in the sphere of migration.

The author examines the issues of institutionalization of the «Group of Seven», expansion of its problems, legal content of its official documents. The role of the G7 as a modern «sanctions coalition», form and legal con tent of its sanctions acts are analyzed.

The review of the monograph “The Origins of Russian Criminology (for the 150th Anniversary of M.N. Gernet)” examines the formation of Russian criminology in the 1920s, its methods, development and significance for modern science and practice, emphasizing its interdisciplinary nature and contribution to the development of criminal policy.

The article examines scientific cooperation between Russia and foreign countries, the change in the vector of foreign policy to the East, and an analysis of existing forms of interaction. Particular attention is paid to the problems that Russian scientists face today. The steps taken to replace foreign technologies and their impact on the development of scientific re search in Russia are analyzed.