The article formulates questions in theoretical and methodological terms about the main problems of Russia’s national strategy in the context of changing the world order – goal setting, strategic planning, strategic decision-making, and the quality of political leadership. In particular, the main provisions of the National Security Strategy and the Military Doctrine of the country are considered on the example of a special military operation in Ukraine.

The authors analyze the views of representatives of liberal currents on the evolution of state institutions in the modern world and assess its relation-ship with civil society and elites.

National interests of Russian diplomacy are analyzed based on the Russian Foreign Policy Concept of 2023. Taking into account the impossibility of implementing all foreign policy tasks at the official level, “new tracks” of diplomacy are developing, the hierarchy and boundaries of regional directions of Russian foreign policy are changing.

The author analyzes the role and place of the ruling SDP, the oppositional CDU/CSU in the transformation processes of the country and Europe. The tendency of the decrease in their popularity is confirmed, and ideological differences are giving way to political expediency, even to the detriment of the interests of the FRG. Erroneous decisions to counteract the emerging deindustrialization of the country prompt the parties to look for the only common denominator – a hostile course towards Russia.

The article examines one of the key problems facing of Germany – the shortage of labor resources caused by the foreign policy course of the government, demographic changes, consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic, etc. The mechanisms of attracting foreign labor resources to overcome negative trends in the economy are also investigated. The Ukrainian crisis is considered as a factor, which complicates the situation in the social and labor sphere of Germany.

The author analyzes the concept of political institutions. The definition of the concept of “institution” is central to institutionalism and neoinstitutionalism, which seek to explain the causes of complex processes and phenomena in the political sphere.

The self-determination of South Ossetia has been shaped over a long historical period, from the early Middle Ages to post-Soviet times. The main emphasis is placed on the analysis of the reasons for the actualization of South Ossetian self-determination and their peculiarities in the conditions of modern political and legal realities.

The article attempts to identify trends in the global scientific and technological agenda. It is determined that its key parameters are strengthening national control over the production of critical materials and technologies, modernization of industrial policy and formation of cross-national technological alliances based on common values.

The authors consider the features of the actions of the Red Army during the liberation of Donbass, which became possible after the after the defeat of the German troops on the Kursk Bulge. The main factors that allowed the Soviet troops to succeed in the fierce battles for Donbass are shown. An attempt has been made to draw historical parallels between the events of the Great Patriotic War and special military operation in Ukraine.

The article examines the issues of the socio-political, legal phenomenon of Russophobia, presents the conceptual apparatus and provides law enforcement practice.

Substantiation of the problems of economic theory related to the influence of economic thought and education, the nature of the impact of the global financial system on the national and global economy in the context of the objectives of the monograph «The Dream of Reason. About the modern theory of economics and its practice», is an occasion for scientific discussion.